Artificial intelligence (AI) could deepen existing gender pay inequalities in several major industries, according to new research.

Analysis by AI consultancy AINigma suggests that sectors such as construction, manufacturing and energy are particularly exposed, alongside logistics, utilities, private equity and the creative arts. Researchers warned that the uneven uptake of generative AI tools between men and women could have long-term implications for pay and progression.

By contrast, industries including law, journalism, marketing and public sector roles could see the pay gap narrow if AI is deployed more evenly and used to support flexible and inclusive working.

Arne Mosselman, chief executive of AINigma, said the current patterns of adoption were troubling. “On average, 20% more men are opting into generative AI tools such as ChatGPT compared with women,” he said. “This means there is a real possibility that GenAI could act as a catalyst to increase the gender pay gap rather than decrease it.”

AINigma’s survey found that 42% of office workers are already using AI at work, with around a third admitting they keep that use hidden from managers or colleagues. Mr Mosselman said this secrecy, combined with a lack of workplace policy, could exacerbate disparities.

“Business leaders need to provide clear direction and permission around AI use,” he added. “Without it, organisations risk entrenching inequalities, leaving women behind in the AI-driven workplace of the future.”

The findings come amid a wider debate about the risks and opportunities of AI in the workplace, from job displacement to productivity gains. Advocates say the technology can level the playing field if adopted responsibly, but researchers warn that without active steps to encourage equal access and training, AI could worsen existing structural divides in the labour market.